民用涡扇发动机结构与建模分析研究

数学模型是航空发动机性能仿真与控制系统设计的重要技术基础,针对民用涡扇发动机建模需求,以广泛使用的大涵道比涡扇发动机为研究对象,参考国外经验并结合理论分析,进行与整机建模相关的发动机主要部件结构特点和部件建模方法研究,给出发动机大风扇特性分解方法,分析空气引气系统、压气机稳定性控制系统、涡轮叶尖间隙控制系统、反推力装置等系统的结构和建模方法,以期为民用大涵道比涡扇发动机整机建模提供技术支持.     

燃烧室工作过程对冲压发动机性能潜力的影响研究

用准一维分析方法,在相同的入流条件下,假设将当量比为1的燃料热量全部添加到气流中,研究了燃烧室工作过程与性能之间的关系。结果表明,随着特征马赫数的增加,在相同飞行马赫数下,亚声速燃烧室所需扩张比逐渐减小,而双模态燃烧室所需扩张比逐渐增大;亚声速燃烧室出现所需最小扩张比和最大比冲的特征马赫数分别是1和0,双模态燃烧室在最小特征马赫数时所需扩张比最小,获得的比冲最大,且与亚声速燃烧室能获得的最大比冲相差不大,在飞行马赫数4、5、6时,差值分别为5%、4%、3%;特征马赫数在亚声速范围内变化时发动机比冲的曲线比较平缓;壁面摩擦系数的变化对燃烧室所需扩张比的影响大于对比冲的影响。直连式实验获得的等截面燃烧室极限加热量数据证明了本方法的合理性。     

大长细比反射镜侧面支撑结构设计与分析

随着近几年离轴三反(Three-Mirror Anastigmat,TMA)相机在大视场高分辨率成像领域的应用,大长细比反射镜的支撑技术成为离轴TMA相机研制的关键技术之一。文章研究的反射镜尺寸达到986mm×246mm,为了使大长细比反射镜的支撑结构同时满足高刚度和高面形稳定的要求,采用理论研究和有限元分析相结合的方法设计了一种侧面柔性支撑结构。分析结果表明,反射镜组件一阶频率达到114.9Hz,在重力和2℃温变耦合下综合面形变化均方根值只有4.9nm,工艺件的力学振动试验结果和仿真分析基本吻合,反射镜支撑结构设计合理,满足空间应用要求。     

龙卷风风场特性的CFD数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学方法建立了龙卷风发生装置的数值计算模型,对具有单涡结构的龙卷风风场特性进行了研究.分析了切向风速沿径向和高度的分布规律,并将切向速度沿径向的分布与Rankin涡模型和参数化气旋模型理论公式进行对比,验证龙卷风风场数值模拟结果的合理性.进一步研究了入口风速和入口角度改变对龙卷风风场特性的影响,并给出了各个数值计算模型近地面核心半径、最大切向风速和涡流比,进而可以获得不同尺度和不同强度的龙卷风风场.该方法为龙卷风风场模拟提供了新的研究途径,并可应用于建筑物的抗龙卷风设计研究.     

A novel target detection approach based on adaptive radar waveform design

To resolve problems of complicated clutter, fast-varying scenes, and low signal-clutterratio (SCR) in application of target detection on sea for space-based radar (SBR), a target detection approach based on adaptive waveform design is proposed in this paper. Firstly, complicated sea clutter is modeled as compound Gaussian process, and a target is modeled as some scatterers with Gaussian reflectivity. Secondly, every dwell duration of radar is divided into several sub-dwells. Regular linear frequency modulated pulses are transmitted at Sub-dwell 1, and the received signal at this sub-dwell is used to estimate clutter covariance matrices and pre-detection. Estimated matrices are updated at every following sub-dwell by multiple particle filtering to cope with fast-varying clutter scenes of SBR. Furthermore, waveform of every following sub-dwell is designed adaptively according to mean square optimization technique. Finally, principal component analysis and generalized likelihood ratio test is used for mitigation of colored interference and property of constant false alarm rate, respectively. Simulation results show that, considering configuration of SBR and condition of complicated clutter, 9 dB is reduced for SCR which reliable detection requires by this target detection approach. Therefore, the work in this paper can markedly improve radar detection performance for weak targets.     

Numerical investigation of the interaction between upstream cavity purge flow and main flow in low aspect ratio turbine cascade

In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.     

Widrow二元自适应阵列天线的讨论

本文通过对Widrow二元自适应阵列天线的讨论,导出了二元自适应阵列天线方向性函数的表示式。 本文讨论了有噪声时,二元自适应阵列天线性能的变化,指出:在有噪声条件下方向图上将出现“零点偏移”,文中给出了计算偏移量的解析表示式。此外在干扰源方向,天线方向图上出现以“零点深度”度量的剩余值。 本文通过计算,证明了:具有最小均方误差输出的Widrow二元自适应阵必有最大信噪比输出。     

非均匀速度来流条件下液体射流喷雾特性

实验研究了非均匀速度来流条件下液体横向射流喷雾特性.实验利用多孔板实现速度的不均匀,应用片光照相得到喷雾中心截面照片,使用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)测量液滴的直径和速度.实验结果表明:在非均匀速度来流中,射流的弯曲和破碎机理有所不同,导致穿透深度和雾化特性发生改变.与均匀速度来流相比,正速度梯度来流时射流穿透深度...     

第四代战斗机动力技术特征和实现途径

介绍了第四代战斗机的典型特点和对发动机的要求，综述了第四代发动机采用高性能循环参数、高推重比技术、推力矢量技术、隐身技术、全权限数字式控制系统、健康管理系统、热管理技术、高可靠性和维修性的设计思路和典型技术特征，并研究分析了实现途径，同时指出第四代发动机的成功研制还需要依赖先进成熟的基础技术和科学的管理做支撑。总结了第四代发动机的设计特点，指出应注重综合权衡设计。     

直射式气动雾化喷嘴对燃烧室性能的影响

为了深入分析燃油喷嘴对燃气轮机燃烧室性能的影响，针对燃气轮机燃烧室中的直射式气动雾化喷嘴开展了数值模 拟，获得了气流流量、燃油流量和气液比对雾化性能的影响规律，喷嘴的雾化性能参数包括雾化粒径和雾化锥角。结果表明：气液 比和气流流量对该型喷嘴的雾化性能有显著影响，燃油流量对雾化性能的影响较小；气液两相间相对速度是影响该型喷嘴雾化性 能的决定因素，相对速度增大有利于减小雾化粒径，并增大雾化锥角；气流流量和气液比的增大均有利于雾化粒径的减小，燃油流 量的增加将使雾化粒径增大；增大气流流量、气液比和减小燃油流量均可使雾化锥角增大；该型喷嘴的雾化锥角变化范围为 30.12°～41.24°，雾化粒径变化范围为131.46～ 186.52 μm。喷嘴可实现在较小的雾化锥角变化范围内获得较宽的雾化粒径变化， 以此匹配燃气轮机燃烧室不同工作状态，具有较高的实用价值。